KKDEMIAN
On-chain equities

A tokenized stock is not a stock

Most tokenized equities are a claim on the issuer, not the share. An instrument’s identity is underlying + issuer + legal wrapper + chain + contract address + venue — six fields, not a ticker.

Data age

Figures measured on or before 2026-10-16, except the AAPL case study, which is dated separately. Depth, spread and market share move within days — read these as research snapshots, not live quotes.

Market size

Two methodologies, two totals. The gap is scope, not error — one counts shares registered on-chain, the other only third-party wrappers.

2026-10-16rwa.xyz ↗

Includes shares registered on-chain (Securitize, Exodus, Forward Industries, FGRS)

Distributed value$3.50B+19~24% / 30d
Holders4.42M
Monthly transfer volume$10.26B−73% / 30d
Monthly active addresses1.386M−60% / 30d

Third-party wrapped tokens only

Tokens tracked250
Total market cap$2.50B
24h volume$1.02B
Market cap up, usage down
+19~24%
Market cap · 30d
−73%
Transfers · 30d
−60%
Active addresses · 30d

New supply is settling into custody rather than circulating. Growth here is accumulation, not adoption.

What you actually hold

Four structures sit behind the same ticker. They differ in dividends, voting, collateral and what happens if the issuer fails.

direct security

The token is the registered share. Dividends and voting survive. Usually permissioned and KYC-gated.

tracker certificate

A bearer debt instrument over a share held by a custodian. Economic exposure only; no voting. Recourse runs to the collateral, not to the company.

issuer claim

A claim on the issuer, collateral held off-chain. If the issuer fails you are a creditor, not a shareholder.

price exposure

No share held against it. A derivative wearing a ticker.

Issuers

IssuerWrapperVotingDividendRedemptionPoRUSOn-chainGrade
Ondo Stocks
British Virgin Islands
100+ instruments
issuer claimproxyunknownyesrefusableunknownblocked$984.0MB
bStocks
ADGM (FSRA-listed certificates)
80+ instruments
tracker certificatenonepass-throughyesmin $5attestationblocked$914.0MB
xStocks (Backed)
Jersey
100+ instruments
tracker certificatenonereinvestedyesmin $5.0KChainlink PoRblocked$847.0MA
Robinhood Stock Tokens
Jersey
190+ instruments
issuer claimplannedunknownunknownunknownblocked$151.0MB
Remora rStocks
unknown
unknownunknownunknownunknownunknownunknown$132.0Munrated
Dinari dShares
United States
724+ instruments
direct securityunknownunknownyesunknownaccredited—B
Backpack Securities
unknown
unknownunknownunknownunknownunknownunknown$31.0Munrated
Coinbase (Base)
ADGM-regulated
10+ instruments
direct securityunknownunknownunknownunknownblocked$7.5MB
Reality rTokens
unknown
36+ instruments
issuer claimnoneunknownunknownunknownblocked—C
ST0x / PreStocks
unknown
unknownunknownunknownunknownunknownunknown$20.4Munrated
A
documents, reserves and redemption all verifiable
B
clear, but redemption is gated
C
information or liquidity incomplete
D
cannot be confirmed — exclude
unrated
too little disclosure to grade
Ondo Stocks

Renamed from Ondo Global Markets in July 2026. Leads on multi-chain reach and DeFi integration. The company claims over 70% issuer share; on CoinGecko’s basis it is roughly a third — treat the 70% as marketing.

LI.FIJupiter
bStocks

Launched 2026-06-11 and already second by size. Highest turnover in the category — SPCXB trades roughly its own market cap in a day. Dividends take a 30% US withholding deduction before being reinvested through a multiplier. Single chain: BSC deposits only, so a wrong-network transfer loses the asset.

Binance
xStocks (Backed)

Widest chain coverage and the most complete public legal documentation. Acquired by Kraken in Dec 2025, putting issuance and trading on one balance sheet. Chainlink proof of reserve updates daily or on a 10% move. Dividends arrive as rebasing, not cash; primary redemption needs KYC and a $5,000 minimum.

KrakenBybitOKX
Robinhood Stock Tokens

Tokenized debt securities today, but the only major issuer publicly planning 1:1 redemption into real shares plus voting rights. If that ships it is the first large issuer to return shareholder rights. In the EU it also runs 2,000+ CFD-style products that cannot be withdrawn on-chain.

Robinhood app
Remora rStocks

Fifth by size with almost no public structural disclosure. Unrated until the issuing entity, custody and redemption terms can be read from primary documents.

Dinari dShares

The only issuer here open to US persons at all, and then only to accredited investors. Underlying held with a qualified custodian. Widest instrument coverage in the category — the full S&P 500.

Backpack Securities

Exchange issuing its own tokens — the pattern now common to Coinbase, Robinhood and Binance.

Backpack
Coinbase (Base)

Launched 2026-08-24 with NVDAc, METAc, AAPLc and GOOGLc; shares held 1:1 by Alpaca. Thirteen contracts deployed, only four with supply. The most DeFi-native of the set: tradable on Uniswap and Aerodrome, usable as Aave collateral, borrowable against on Morpho.

UniswapAerodromeAaveMorpho
Reality rTokens

Shares held through Alpaca Securities; holders do not own the stock directly. Replaced the Ondo tokens Bitget previously listed.

Bitget
ST0x / PreStocks

Small issuers; PreStocks accounts for the figure shown.

Largest tokens

2026-10-15 · CoinGecko / Castle Labs

Turnover separates the issuers more sharply than size does. SPCXB trades roughly its own market cap in a day; STRCX and CRCLON barely move.

TokenIssuerMarket cap24h volumeTurnover7d
STRCXxStocks (Backed)$158.9M$442.0K<1%-0.4%
CRCLBbStocks$143.4M$38.2M27%-4.7%
SPCXBbStocks$120.9M$108.9M90%-12%
MSTRXxStocks (Backed)$110.5M$3.3M3%-8.7%
CRCLXxStocks (Backed)$93.2M$26.7M29%-4%
CRCLONOndo Stocks$92.4M$619.0K<1%-4.6%
TSLAXxStocks (Backed)$67.9M$8.8M13%-3.8%
SNDKBbStocks$53.8M$48.3M90%-20%

Where the demand sits

$350.5M
Circle (CRCL)
Across 5 issuers
$225.7M
Strategy STRC
Preferred stock
$211.5M
SpaceX
Not publicly listed
$207.0M
Strategy (MSTR)
$156.0M
NVIDIA (NVDA)

Crypto-linked names, high-beta tech, and companies an ordinary brokerage cannot reach.

Case study: one stock, four books

2026-09-19

A Saturday. The underlying last closed at $335.19, yet all four tokens kept trading. Off-hours quotes are a market maker’s opinion, not a market price.

TokenIssuerVenue24h volumeSpreadBid depthAsk depthvs close
AAPLB
BNB Chain
bStocksBinance$822.0K0.3 bps$56.3K$8.8K-0.02%
AAPLX
Solana / EVM
xStocks (Backed)Bybit$158.0K2.68 bps$18.0K$175.0K+0.32%
AAPLON
Ethereum / Solana
Ondo StocksGate$94.7K5.65 bps$16.2K$12.0K+0.21%
AAPLG
unknown
unresolvedGate$445.5K53.3 bps$5.6K$9.3K-0.02%

AAPLB·Tightest quote in the set, but ask depth is a sixth of bid depth. A narrow spread is not two-sided depth.

AAPLX·Thick on the ask, thin on the bid — getting in and getting out are not symmetric.

AAPLON·Balanced but small. Fine for small limit orders, not for size without live RFQ.

AAPLG·Issuer could not be resolved in the mapping. High volume, 50x the spread, almost no depth — volume alone must never qualify an instrument.

Volume is 24h base quantity × last price. Depth is the top 20 levels converted at mid, not full book depth. Contract addresses come from a mapping snapshot marked "observed" — never an issuer whitelist.

Regulatory record

Tokenization changes how a security is recorded and transferred; it does not change its legal character. Whether a third-party token carries voting or dividend rights depends on the structure, never on the name.

The DTC received SEC no-action relief to run a three-year tokenization pilot.

Qualifying tokenized securities venues may trade tokenized NMS stock through permissioned AMM pools without registering as an exchange or ATS, subject to caps on instruments and volume; market makers are separately relieved of broker registration. It covers both issuer-direct and unaffiliated third-party tokens. Reported five-year term and equal-rights conditions are secondary readings — check the order itself.

Qualifying tokenized stocks and ETFs may trade in the same order book, at the same execution priority, as the traditional share — provided the two are fungible and carry identical rights. DTCC reports 50+ institutions in its tokenization service.

What to watch next

  1. 01Which venues file for and receive the first TSV approvals.
  2. 02When Robinhood’s 1:1 redemption and voting rights actually ship.
  3. 03Whether rwa.xyz monthly active addresses stop falling.
  4. 04Share movement between Ondo, bStocks and xStocks.
  5. 05The volume gap between Hyperliquid stock perps and spot tokens.

Research, not advice. This page makes no judgement about whether readers in any particular jurisdiction may buy, hold, transfer or redeem these instruments — verify that against the issuer’s offering documents.